Before so-called, Hanoi had experienced a number of different names. The name "Hanoi" began as a place in Viet Nam since the 12th Minh Network (1831) when a province named Ha Noi was established in Northern Thanh. "Hanoi" in Chinese characters "河", meaning "surrounded by rivers", the name reflects the geography of the province of Hanoi. The province is located between the two rivers is the Nhi River (the Red River) in the northeast and the Thanh Thiet River in the south-west.

Hanoi consists of four governments, Huai Duc, Thuong Tin, Republicans and the Great Li. The city hall, which has the authority of the province of Hanoi, the province of Hanoi, is called the city of Hanoi by the name of the province. The city of Hanoi is located in the two districts of Shou Bong and Vinh Thuan. Both Thou Bong and Vinh Thuan districts belong to Huai Duc.

On 1 October 1888, the Dong Khanh King signed an example of cutting all Tho Bong District and part of Vinh Thuan districts of Hanoi province as concession to France to establish Hanoi. Earlier, on July 19, French President Marie François Sadi Carnot signed the order to establish Hanoi before the recognition of the Vietnamese government. In 1890, Li Nhan's government was removed from Hanoi province, changed to Ha Nam's province.

In 1896, the province of Hanoi was moved to the village of Dang, Thanh Oai, District of Thanh Oai. In order to avoid coincidences with the city of Hanoi, in 1902 the province of Hanoi was renamed to the city of Pau Da, by the name of the province. On 6 December 1904, the mandate of Indochina issued a decree changing the name of the province's Cau Dang and the province of this province to "Ha Dong". The name "Ha Dong" is called by the director of Da Lat province, Cham Function, which comes from a sentence written in the book of Duke Hume 河, Prince Manh et, 內其移民4凶則: Hanoi, the rule of migration in Ha Dong, residential migration in Hanoi), meaning that Hanoi had a bad harvest and moved its inhabitants to Hanoi to Dong, and moved food from Hanoi to Hanoi. The "Hanoi" in the statement above of Luong Hue is just north of the Yellow River, and "Ha Dong" is just east of the Yellow River, south-west of China's Son Tay province.

Pre-statehood period

North Hanoi Gate.

Archeological novels at neck Loa show that humans have emerged in the Hanoi area 200 years ago, a period of Son Vi culture. But as the ice-age melts, the sea goes deep into the mainland, and the inhabitants of the stone age are pushed back up into the mountains. It took about four or five thousand years before the DRC, for humans to return to live here. Archeological artifacts for the following period, from the beginning of the Bronze Age to the beginning of the Iron Age, illustrated the presence of Hanoi in all four cultural states: Feng Yuan, Bean, Gò Mun and Dong Son. Hanoi residents at that time lived on farming, breeding, and farming. This prehistoric period corresponds to the period of the Kings in legend. The third century BC, in the war with the Qin army from the North, the judge decided to build a city in Co Loa, now an East English district, about 15 kilometers from central Hanoi. The arrival of the city of Co Loa marks Hanoi for the first time as a central city in politics and society.

The defeat of Second-century Judgment by the Cong Khoi independence phase, beginning a one thousand-year period dominated by the Chinese feudal dynasties. The old Han dynasty was split into three sections of Jiaoqu, Jiangxi and Japan, Hanoi at that time was in Jiaozhi District. The basketball in the history of the first five centuries, until about 454-456 in Liu Song, Hanoi was recorded as the center of Song Binh district. In 226, the Han Chinese government changed the name of Song Binh to Long Uyen (or Long Biên). In 544, Li Mystery rose up against the Luong house and called himself the emperor, and placed his national title Wanchun, and served in Long Uyen. The grandson of Ly Van Diet came to play the capital in Co Loa, but this independence lasts only until 602. The Tang dynasty and An Nam was divided into 12 Africa with 50 districts, Long Uyen was converted into Song Binh, the center of South's capital city. In 866, the Cao Bien General built a new city of maintenance, Song Binh was renamed Dai La, the capital of the Jingdong navy. According to the legend, when I cast the city, Cao Bien saw a god who called himself Dragon Do. Therefore, the history of Thang Long is the land of Long Do. The X-century, after the victory of Ngo Quyen over the Han army, Co Loa once again became the capital of Vietnam.

Shenglong, Dongzhou, Dongguan, Dongguan

A map of the Red-Dentist city.

After boarding in 1009 in Hua Lu, in 1010, the Emperor Thai decided to move the city to the Great La. According to the popular legend, when I arrived in Great La, the Emperor Tai saw a dragon rise, so named the new city Thang Long. The city of Thang Long then is limited by three rivers: the Red River is the east, the main river to the north and the southern Golden Ou. The city block was built near West Lake with royal palace and political buildings. The rest of the city is residential areas, including the rural, industrial and commercial communes. Even in the 1049th century, many religious buildings were quickly built, the Yhuntsman of the Western city built in 1049, the Tianjiao pagoda built in 1057, Van Miao built in 1070, the Guiji of 1076, etc. After only a century, Thang Long became the cultural, political and economic center of the whole country.

The Telescope floor in the Imperial Tour to Thang Long.

The Tran dynasty began its walk in the ruling of Dai Viet, treating Thang Long as the first city and Tianong as the second city, where the monarchs live. The city of Thang Long continues to be built. The city was reinforced and more palaces have emerged. In 1230, Thang Long was divided into 61 wards, the city was more crowded even though the territory changed. This phase also notes the appearance of foreign residents, such as the Chinese, Java and Indian. The industrial economy also produces a democracies and Thang Long are the convergence of many scholars, intellectuals such as Korea, Le Van Hu, Chu Van An, etc. In the war with the Yuan, the Thăng Long city was three times occupied but all ended in the victory of the Great Vietnam. In the late 19th century, when the Tran Dynasty, a foreign nobleman, took over power and forced King Tran to move the capital to Thanh Hoa. When Quy Ly became officially the throne, the country of Duyu in 1400, the new capital was called the West, Thang Long was changed to the East of. But the Kingdom of the Lake family only existed for a short time. In 1406, the Ming armed forces invaded Dau, Thang Long was occupied and renamed Dong Quan. The fourth period began in 1407 and lasted until 1428.

Jade Mountain, 1884.

Hang Chau street, about 1902.

The vinegar and the Thăng Long people at the time often assumed that Thang Long was Tràng An, meaning of lasting peace or prosperity forever . However , some researchers believe that Trang An is used to refer to Ninh Binh 's land and not Thang Long .

After the victory of the Lam Son rebellion, Le Loi established the Lê and Dong DDu Empire as well. In 1430, the city was renamed East Kinh, to 1466 known as the central government. The Emperor of Thang Long under the Le dynasty was expanded. In addition, the residential area is divided into two districts, Vinh Bong and Quang Duc districts, each district is 18 wards. At this time, the head of the administration was the Civil Servant. The city continues for a period of time in the business colleges, although it is restricted by the Le family's feelings of trade. During the competing years for power between the Le dynasty, the Mac house and god Trinh, Thang Long maintained a position in the capital city. The complexities of politics during this time also give the city a special feature: Beside the king's city, the palace of the Lord Trinh was built and the center of the real power. Thanks to the goods economy and the development of foreign trade, the city of Thang Long entered into a prosperity time and attracted even more people to come to live. The first, the first, second, Hispanic said the city's affluent profitability, this period is also called the Marker. French preacher Alexandre de Rhodes estimates the population of Thang Long by about 1 million people. William Dampier, the British adventurer, offers a number that is usually better viewed, about 20,000 rooftops.

Hanoi people, 1884

In the summer of 1786, the Tay Son army took to the north to overthrow the governor of Trinh and ended the two centuries of separating the Inner and The External Party. After Nguyen Hue and the Tay Son soldiers returned to the south, in 1788 the Qing dynasty brought the army to invade Vietnam. In Phu Xuan, Nguyen Hue rose to the throne on December 22, 1788 and took his men to North. After winning the match at Dong Da, the Tay Son dynasty ruled over a new capital city in Phu Xuan. Emperor Quang Trung changed his name to Northern Thanh.

Nguyen and French Dynasties

The Ha Noi National and Indochina Stage of the Vietnam National.

The Tay Son dynasty collapsed after a short time, Gia Long entered the throne in 1802 and took the capital in Phu Xuan, starting at the Nguyen dynasty. In 1805, Gia Long destroyed Thang Long's old city building, a new city and the trail remains today, surrounded by the lines of Phan Dinh Phung, Hung Vuong, Tran Phu and Phung Hung. In 1831, during an administrative reform of Minh Network, the entire country was divided into 29 provinces and Thang Long of Hanoi province. In the case of the river (河 Han), Hanoi province consisted of 4 houses, 15 districts, lying between the Red River and the Red River. The Hanoi province consists of Thang Long, the area of Huai Duc from Son Tay, and the three panties of Yin, Thuong Tin, and Ly Nhan Province. Phu Huai Duc includes 3 districts: Shou, Vĩnh Thuan, from Liem. Normal Funds consists of 3 districts: Shangfu, Qingchi, Phu Xuyên Wuying Hoa has 4 districts: Son Minh (nowadays he is Cane Hoa, Hoai An (now he is the south of Cando Hoa and part of the U.S. Germany), Chuong Duc (These are My-Thanh Oai).

Phu Li Nhan consists of 5 districts: Nam Xang (now Li Nhan), Table, Duy Tiên, Thanh Liem, Binh Luc.

Hanoi has a name that begins here.

Rue Paul Bert (now Money Pangong Street) and the Grand Theater of the Indochina Federation.

The Hanoi economy, in the first half of the 19th century, was different from the previous Thang Long. The wards, villages in the West and the South specialize in agriculture, while in the East, the residential areas that are commercially-oriented and handcrafted make the face of the city of Hanoi. In addition to a number of residential buildings and structures, Hanoi at this time introduced more religious and religious buildings such as the Ngoc Son temple and Bao An pagoda.

The Contractor was built for the 1902 international fair when Hanoi became the capital of the Indochina

In 1858, France started shooting up for Indochina. After securing three provinces of the South East, French troops under the leadership of Francis Garnier came to Hanoi in early November 1873. Although the Nguyen democratic government, the Hanoi people continued to fight the French under the leadership of Nguyen Tri Phuong and Hoang Dieu. In 1884, the Nguyen reconciled the agreement to recognize French protections throughout the entire territory of Vietnam, Hanoi also entered into a colonial period.

On 19 July 1888, French President Sadi Carnot signed a decree establishing Hanoi city. The city of Hanoi at this time has a small area consisting of two Shouchang districts and Vinh Thuan districts of Huai Duc. The confined city of the city is confined to the Great La area of the Mạc dynasty. The three governments of Huai Duc, Thuong Tin, are part of Ha Dong province. The Da Nam Province is divided into a province of Ha Nam. Shortly after, the western part of the botanical gardens and the region corresponding to Dong Da district, Tay Ho is now divided into Hoan Long District, under Ha Dong province, by about 1940, when merging.

By 1902, Hanoi became the capital of the entire Indochina Federation. Because of the planning of the French, the city gradually got a new face. The Nguyen Dynasty was defeated (almost completely destroyed by 1897), with only the Flags Column left, the North Gate with a gunshot wound in 1873, Duan Mon and the Dragon Canal in the old city. In 1901, buildings and structures such as the Governor, Post Office, Manager, Opera House, Long Bien, Hanoi Railway or Hospital were built. Hanoi has also added horse racing schools, Christian churches, University of Medicine, Dong Duong University, and the University of Fine Arts, and Agriculture College and the factories that produce alcohol, matches, textiles, electricity, etc. As French capitalists arrive in Hanoi more and more, the movie theaters, the theater, the hotel " gradually appeared, the streets also change to suit the new population. In 1921, the entire city had about 4,000 Europeans and 100,000 indigenous population.

The emergence of the bourgeois class in Vietnam also changed the culture of Hanoi. Western culture following the French’s entry into Vietnam led to social turmoil. No longer a feudal city, Hanoi is much less represented as a European city. The city continues to play the role of the national arts and knowledge center, where the focus of new poets, musicians and innovators and famous scholars.

In two wars

The statue "Decided to give birth to the Motherland," commemorating the nights of the fight against Hanoi in the winter of 1946 (Hang Dau Garden, St.'s.)

In the middle of the 20th century Hanoi was subjected to complex events in history. Japan's attack on Indochina in 1940 caused Viet Nam to lie under the rule of both the French and Japanese empire. On March 9, 1945, in Hanoi, the Japanese army capped France. But just five months later, the country had to surrender the Allied army, ending the Second World War. At that time of convenience, the Vietnamese forces organized the August Revolution successfully, subverted the Vietnamese Empire, forced the Chao Bao Dai to resign and regain power in Vietnam. On 2 September 1945, Ho Chi Minh read the statement of independence in Ba Dinh square and gave birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as a Hanoi city. After independence, the city divided into the cities, renamed many gardens, streets, such as Avenue) Paul Doumer changed his name to Human Rights, street ( Rue de la) République named the People's Rights, the Puginier Avenue changed to the Democratic Republic, the Ollivier was Happy, and Dr. Morel was Tu.

Hanoi, New Year's Day 1974

At the end of 1945, the French army returned to Indochina. Following unsuccessful negotiations, the Indochina War broke out in December 1946 and Hanoi’s city was in control of the French. After Vietnam was established in 1949, Ha Noi was transferred to the Vietnamese National. The National Minister of Vietnam Bao Dai nominates the pharmacist Shenzhen as city mayor. In 1954, the Dien Bien Phu victory helped Viet Nam control over all North Viet Nam, Ha Noi continued to occupy the capital position of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam. On September 30, 1954, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and France signed the Agreement on the Transfer of Hanoi in military; on 2 October, the signing of the Hanoi administrative transfer agreement. At the time of being maintained, the city was made up of 4 inner city districts with 34 city areas, 37,000 inhabitants and 4 suburban districts with 45 communes, 16,000 inhabitants. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Hanoi changed its administrations and gender several times. In 1958, four inner cities were deleted and replaced by 12 neighborhoods. In 1959, the inner city was divided into eight cities, and Hanoi had four more suburban districts. In April 1961, the National Assembly decided to expand Ha Noi's territory, consolidating a number of communes from Ha Dong, Bac Ninh, Vinh Phuc, and Hung Yen. The entire city has an area of 584 kilometers, population of 91,000 people. On May 31, 1961, four inner cities of Hoan Kiem, Hai Ba Trung, Ba Dinh, Dong Da, and 4 districts outskirts of Dong Anh, Gia Lam, Thanh Tri, and Tu Liem were established.

When the Vietnam War escalated, Hanoi was subjected to direct attacks from the United States. In the 1972 Linebacker campaign alone, about 2,200 people were killed in the North, the number of victims in Hanoi was statistically 1,318. Many institutions and schools have to evacuate to neighboring provinces.

Hanoi Today

Current logos in Hanoi

After the war, Hanoi continued to play the role of the capital in a united Vietnam country. Hanoi was awarded the title "City for Peace" on July 16, 1999. In 2000, President Tran Duc Luong rewarded Hanoi city as "Heroic Capital City" in Hanoi on 4 October, with the age of more than 1,000 years, Ha Noi being the oldest city in 110. countries of the Southeast Asian region.

On 21 December 1978, the National Assembly of Viet Nam approved the expansion of the Ha Noi area, merging 5 more Ba Vì District, Thach 7, Phuc, Dan Phuong, and the Son Tay town of Ha Son Binh province and the two districts of Vinh Phu Me Linh and Soc Son province. The Hanoi population is 2.5 million. In addition to population in the provinces to settle in the city, between 1977 and 1984, Hanoi also brought 12,861 households, 21,587 people to Lam Dong in accordance with the new economic construction policy. On 12 August 1991, the Ha Noi line was re-adjusted and moved to five districts, and 1 municipality took from Ha Son Binh in 1978 for Ha Tay and Mekong who entered Vinh Phuc. Hanoi has 4 inner city and 5 suburban districts remaining, with a natural land area of 924 km²

On 28 October 1995, the Government issued Decree 69/CP establishing the Tay Ho district on the basis of the total natural area and the population of 3 precincts: Pomelos, Switzerland, neighboring District, Ba Dinh District and 5 communes: Sien, Nhat Tan, Quang An, Xuan La, Phu Thuan from Tu Liem district. On 26 November 1996, the Government issued Decree 74/CP establishing the Thanh Xuan district on the basis of the total natural area and the population of the five precincts: Thanh Xuan Bac, Thanh Xuan, Thuan Dinh, Kim Giang, Phuong Liet, 78.1ha area and 20,862 individuals from Nguyen Trai district, 98.4ha area and 5,506 individuals from the central ward of Dong Da District, the whole area of Nature and the population of Tu Thanh Hoa Districts in Tu Kiem district; in the same Decree, the establishment of the Paper Bridge district is based on the entire population and natural area of the four towns: Paper Bridge, Nghia Duc, Nghia Tan, Mai Dich and 3 communes: Yiwang, Yen Hoa, and Trung Hoa are from Tu Liem district.

On November 6, 2003, the Government issued Decree 132/2003/NĐ-CP, established in Long Bien, on the basis of the entire land and population of 10 communes: Shangqing, Jiangbian, Yushu, Viet Hung, association, Gia Swede, Bodhi, Long Bien, Thach Pau, and 3 towns: Gia Lam, Duc Giang, Sai Dong of Gia Lam District, also in this Decree, decided to establish Hoang Mai district on the basis of the whole population and natural area of 9 communes: Dinh Cong Tu, Da Kim, Hoang Liet, Thanh Lii, Thanh Tri, Vinh Tuy, Linh Nam, Tran Phu, Yen Chu and 55 ha area of the Four Hiep commune under Thanh Trì District, the whole area of the 5 wards: Mai Động, Xiangmai, Tan Mai, Giap Bat, Hoang Van Thu, belonging to Hai Ba Trung District.

Hanoi: Looking from Thang Long Avenue

After the subsidization period, since the late 1990s, economic growth led to rapid urbanization of the suburbs of Hanoi. Buildings and structures growing in urban areas and industrial centers were also built in suburban districts. The development is also followed by ties. Because of bad planning, city traffic usually keeps up as the number of motorcycles increases. Many neighborhoods are subjected to floods when it rains hard. The density of the population is too high for the residents of the city to live in a cramped and uncomfortable condition. In 2003, 30 percent of the Hanoi's population lived below 3 meters per person. The green tree density of the city is only about 1-2 meters per person, in very low order compared to the cities in the world (Stockholm above 70 meters per person).

But the rapid increase in population and the lack of good planning in urbanization has left Hanoi crowded, polluted and regular traffic in congestion. Many of the architectural monies were disappearing, instead of building blocks lying around on the streets. Hanoi is still an uneven developed city with regional disparities, such as between urban and suburban districts, many places where people still don't have essential living conditions. In addition, Hanoi is one of the most polluted cities in the Southeast Asia region, with the concentration of dust being many times that allowed it.

The Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower is 36 meters tall, one of the tallest buildings in Vietnam.

On May 29, 2008, with nearly 93 percent of its deputies in support, the National Assembly of Viet Nam adopted a resolution to regulate the Hanoi and the provinces, effective from 1 August the same year. According to the resolution, the entire province of Ha Tay, the Mekong Linh district of Vinh Phuc Province and 4 communes in Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province are merged in Hanoi. From an area of nearly 1,000 km² and a population of about 3.4 million people, Ha Noi after an extension of 3,324,92 km and a population of 6,232,940, is in the 17 largest capital in the world. On May 8, 2009, the districts of Thach Not district and National Oai were re-adjusted. At the same time, Ha Dong district was established from Ha Dong city in the past and Son Tay city was transformed into the old Son Tay city. In 2010, Hanoi organized a successful ceremony for 1,000 years in Thang Long, Hanoi, leaving a mark among international people and friends. The Emperor of Thang Long, the culture of beer in Van Miao, the National Academy of Death and the festival of the Holy Ghost, was UNESCO recognized as a cultural heritage of the world. Many important works such as the Vinh Tuy Bridge, the Ha Noi Museum, the Hoa Binh park, etc., have been opened. In 2010 Hanoi also achieved important results in economic development. GDP grew by 11 percent, per capita income was approximately US$2,000. Total local revenue exceeded VND100,000 billion.

On December 27, 2013, the Government issued Resolution 132/NQ-CP dividing the district from Tu Liem into two districts, namely Bac Tu Liem and Nam Tu Liem. Hanoi has 12 districts, 17 districts and 1 city.

Location, topography

Photographs of the Hanoi area

Lying northwest of the center of the Red River Delta, Hanoi is located between 20°53' and 21°23' degrees north and 105°44 to 106°02 degrees east, followed by Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc in the north, Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, and Bac Giang, and Bac Ninh, and Bac Giang provinces. East, Peace and Phu Tho west. Hanoi is 120 km from the port city of Hai Phong, 87 kilometers from the city of Nam Dinh and 3 major pole () of the Red River Delta. Following an administrative expansion in August 2008, the city had a total area of 3,324.92 km², located on both sides of the Red River, but was mainly on the right side of the river.

Hanoi landforms slowly turned from North to South and from West to East at an average of 5 to 20 meters above sea level. The hill is concentrated in the north and west of the city. Thanks to an amaseber made, three-quarters of the natural area of Hanoi is the delta, on the right side of the river, the Red River and the other rivers drains. The majority of the hills are from Soc Son District, Ba Vì National Oai, My Duc, with the high mountains such as Ba Because (1,281 m), Gia Dat (707 m), Pin Bird (462 m), Thanh Lanh (427 m), and Thien Tru (378 m). In the inner city there are low hills, such as Dong Da, Mount Nung.

The capital Hanoi has four extremes:

• The North Pole is Bac Son Commune, Soc Son District.
• The West is Thuan My Commune, Ba Vì District.
• South Pole is Huong Son Commune, My Duc district.
• The East is Lizhi township, Gia Lam District.

Water culture

The Red River is the main river of the city, which begins to flow into Hanoi in Ba Because District and is out of the city in the Phu Xuyen area and is joined by Hung Yen to go back to Nam Dinh and the city has a lot to do with Thang Long since the Tran dynasty. The Red River flowing through Hanoi is 163 kilometers long, accounting for about a third of the length of this river in Vietnam. Hanoi also has a Da Nang river that is the border between Hanoi and Phu Tho, jointly with the Red River in the North of the city in Ba Vì District. In addition, in Hanoi, there are other rivers such as the river, the river Duong, the Song Be, the Song Be, and the Song Be, etc. The small rivers run in the inner city areas such as the To Calendar river, the Kim Nguu river, (the To Calendars river alone)... These are the Ha Noi drainage and discharge lines.

Hanoi is also a special city with many lakes and the remains of the ancient rivers. Within the inner city, the West has the largest area, about 500 hectares, which is important in the urban landscape, surrounded by many hotels and villas (see images). Sword Lake is located in the center of the city's history, the most busiest area, which always holds a special place for Hanoi. In the inner city, you can tell other lakes such as Zhu Bach, Zen Quang, Thu Le... In addition, there are large lakes in Hanoi such as Kim Lien, Tan Dam, Quang Son-Dong Thap, Cat Hai, Chou, Xuan Khanh, Tuy, Quan, Quan Son.

Red River, look from the Zhang Yang Bridge

Due to the strong urbanization process since 1990, most of the Hanoi rivers have fallen into serious pollution. According to Prof. Dr. Tran Duc Ha, deputy director of the Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental Studies of Vietnam's Exposure Society, untapped wastewater will occur in too large an environment. In the inner city alone, each day the amount of water being dumped directly into the lakes system is about 650,000 meters per day (2015). To Lich River, the city's main drain shaft, has to receive about 250,000 meters of water per day as it does not go through the river. It is heavily polluted: the river water is getting scarce and the color of the water is getting darker and stinks. With the length of nearly 20 kilometers running through the capital area, many parts of the river, dark water, particularly, the stench rises with a strong retinal odor, and there is almost no life in the river bed. Similarly, the Kim Nguu River receives about 125,000 meters of water and wastes waste from its daily life. The Mekong River delta and the Mekong River, on average, poured into the Mekong river about 110,000 m³ The quantity of waste water produced and the industry is highly toxic. The domestic and foreign rivers, in addition to its role as drainage and drainage, also have to take part in the trash of citizens and industrial waste. The handicrafts villages also contribute to this pollution situation.

Climate

The temperature chart, the rainfall in Hanoi

The Ha Noi climate bears the characteristics of the seasonal tropical climate, and is listed in the official Hanoi website. However, based on the Köppen Climate Classification, ClimaTemps.com site ranks Hanoi in the subtropical climate (Humid Subtropical) with Cwa codes.

The weather is a clear difference between hot season and cold. Although the weather is divided into two main seasons: rainy season (from April to October) and dry season (from November to March), Hanoi is still enjoyable in the fourth season through seasonal months. The hot season starts in May to the end of August, the hot weather starts in the early season and the end of the rainy season is very warm, dry in September and October. The cold season starts from late November to the end of March. From late November to the first half of February, it was cold and dried, from half the end of February to the end of March and the long rainfall continued. In the middle of September to mid-November, Hanoi had a few days of cool weather (more clearly than Haiphong, South Dinh and many other northern provinces) due to the rush of some cold air. However, because of the powerful effects of the monsoon wind, the start and end times of each season are often uneven between years, the division of months is only relative.

To Lich River, an ancient river from Hanoi now plays the role of drainage for the city.

West Lake - Hanoi

Winter average temperature: 16.4°C (down to 2.7°C). Summer average: 29.2°C (best time up to 42.8°C). The average yearly temperature was 23.6°C, the average annual rainfall was 1,800mm to 2,000mm. In May 1926, the city's temperature was recorded at a record level of 42.8°C. In January 1955, the temperature falls to a minimum, 2.7°C due to La Niña's influence. In early June 2017, affected by El Niño all over the world, Hanoi was subjected to a violent heat wave for 1 week (from 31-5 to 6-6) with temperatures reaching 42.5°C, a record temperature recorded in history. In addition, due to the influence of the urban and humid climate, solar waves, actual temperatures are always higher than they are measured, possibly up to 50°C. And in this heat, two people died from heat, and it was even more terrible in the future. Even the U.S. meteorological experts are offering "The Transformation of Cities" in which they are forecasted for the capital of Hanoi in 2100. There are two scenarios set, if you reduce emissions on average, that Hanoi's summer as heated as New Delhi (India), if it doesn't fall like a "Fisalabad fire in Pakistan" on these two cities. At 8 degrees C. In Hanoi in 2100, the summer is going to last longer and there will be a temperature of 48 degrees C, the temperature of sensing between 55 and 58 degrees C. In the winter of Hanoi is Ba because around 6:00 a.m., 24/1/2016, with a temperature of about 0 degrees C.

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Hanoi City Government Map

Administrative organizations

Hanoi is one of five centrally run cities in Vietnam, with Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Da Nang and Can Tho. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City alone are classified as a special provincial administrative unit and are also a special kind of municipality, which meets standards such as non-farm employment for over 90 percent, population size over 5 million, average population density from 15,000 people per kilometer or more, and complete infrastructure.

Following the gender and administrative changes in 2008, by February 11, 2020, Hanoi had 30 district administrative units, including 12 districts, 17 districts, 1 commune with 579 commune administrative units, including 383 communes, 175 wards and 21 towns. 55% of the population live in urban areas and 45% of the population live in rural areas.

Government

As with other provinces and cities of Vietnam, the City People’s Council of Hanoi is elected directly by the city’s people, and is the city’s state authority. The People's Council of Hanoi at present, the term of 2016-2021, consists of 105 delegates. The chairman of the People's Council of Hanoi is presently Mrs. Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc.

Headquarters of the People's Committee of Hanoi.

The City People's Committee is the executive organ of the People's Council and the city's public administration, responsible for implementing the Constitution, the law, the government documents and the resolutions of the city's council. The chairman of the Hanoi People's Committee, the Minister of Science and Technology, Chu Ngoc Anh. In addition to the departments, such as other provinces, the People's Committee of Hanoi has a new Ha Noi, Economic and Urban paper, Radio and Television Ha Noi, 1000-year Steering Committee of Thang Long, Management Board, etc., and a number of General Corporations in the city area. The People's Council and the People's Committee of Hanoi are located at 12 Le Lai Street, next to Hoan Kiem lake.

On the Communist Party of Hanoi (the city’s committee in the name of the city’s committee) is the highest organ of the Hanoi Party’s leadership, between the two sessions of the city’s Party. The Hanoi Party’s Executive Committee, 16 members of the Communist Party’s committee, 2015-2020, elected the Hanoi Standing Committee, the Ha Noi Party’s Standing Committee, 2015-2020. The City Party Committee's Head is the Secretary of the Communist Party and should be a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The secretary of the existing city is Wang Dinh Hue, and commissioner for the XII Politburo.

The HCMC Fatherland Front Committee appointed XVI (2014-2019), elected by the 145th National Economic Representative of Ha Noi (2014-2019), on 26 June 2014, including the 15 standing committee The city consists of 12 members. The Chairman of Hanoi’s SSQ, Vu Hong Khanh (elected March 14, 2016, replacing Mr. Dao Van Binh for his retirement age).

Dong Xuan market, a traditional trading center of the city

Headquarters of the State Bank of Vietnam, Ha Noi

In 2014, the capital economy continued to grow fairly well, with an estimated 8.8 percent in 2014 up. Interestingly, all sectors and sectors regain their growth rates: value added for industrial production - building rose 8.4%, of which construction alone increased 9.9%, the highest in the last three years; the real estate market has had a change, the amount of inventory is reduced.

The value added in agriculture has risen by 2 percent; the value of agricultural, forestry, and aquaculture products was estimated at 231 million VND per hectare (more than last year than VND 4 million); finalized the revised and improved planting plan for 2014, with 100 new rural communes (20% of all new rural communes). Hanoi is the capital city with the highest number of cattle in the country, the local area with the herds of cattle, and poultry consists of nearly 200,000 buffaloes and oxen; 1.53 million pigs and about 18.2 million poultry, 225,566 tons of meat yearly, with 30,000 hectares in water, which has put into use 20,000 hectares to grow marine products, concentrated in Ba So, Ba Hoa, Phu Xuyên District, Thanh Tri.

Vincom Shopping Center

In particular, the 2014 outcome of the capital was estimated to be 130.1 trillion dong, equal to 103.1 percent of the estimates; the local budget is estimated to reach VND52.5 trillion (including VND 3 trillion in issuance of capital construction bonds). The management of the market, the price is increased, and inflation is controlled; the consumer price index is estimated to rise 5.34%. 

Rate of gross domestic product (GDP) growth: 9,0-9,5%; of those, services 9.8-10.5%, industry - construction increased 8.7-9.0%, agriculture grew 2.0-2.5%; average GRDP per capita: VND75-77 million (~3.500 USD/person/year); rate of increase in social investment in sites: 11-12%; decline in fertility rate compared to the previous year: 0.7‰; reduce the rate of birth of the third child over the previous year: 0.3%; number of communes/wards/towns increasing national health standards: 8 units; decrease the proportion of poor households compared to the previous year: 0.2%; proportion of households recognized as "cultured family": 85%; number of public schools achieving national standards increased: 100; number of communes with basic recognition reaching new rural criteria: 55 communes (by end of 2015 have 155 communes); rate of waste collected and shipped per day: urban areas: 98%; rural areas: Eighty-seven percent.

Population

Colonial characteristic

Long ago, Thang Long became the destination of the people of the land. In the 190th century, the townspeople of Thang Long made the Le Thanh Tong intend to force them all to go back to the bar. But when they realized that they were the key workforce and tax resources, the government allowed them to stay. The city of Thang Long also has foreigners, mostly Chinese. For over a thousand years, many Chinese have stayed and lived in this city. Throughout the dynasties, Tran and Le, there are still Chinese people who come to ask permission to reside in Thang Long. According to Nguyen Trai's geographical area, out of the 36 precincts of the city of Thang Long, there is a Chinese ward, street (), and can now be a Hang area (now can be). Changes in population have been going on and on for the last few days. In addition, the continuing change in administrative boundaries (particularly after the merger of Gia Lam in the 1954-1961 period, most of the Phuc Yen province around 1980 and the entire Ha Tay province of 2008) changed the definition of the Ha Noi period.

During the French colonial period, as the capital of the Indochina Union, Hanoi attracted a considerable amount of French, Chinese, and Vietnamese from its neighbors. In the 1940s, the city's population was statistically 132,145, but by 1954 it was reduced to only 53,000 people per 152 km, because most of the population had moved to areas of Viet Nam’s control after France. occupied Hanoi in 1946. After the Vietnamese government took over Hanoi, most French and Chinese left the city to go to the south or return to their home country. In villages outside the city, in the old metropolitan area, where people have mainly lived by agriculture, there is often no big change. Many of these families still hold the family tree since the 19th and XVI. In the inner city, there are only a few lines left that they have settled in Thang Long since the XV century such as the Nguyen family in the Dong Tao district (China-Hanoi). Due to the nature of the work, many traders and craftsmen seldom hang out at one point. Having trouble in business, in times of falling down, they go to other lands. There are also cases where a family with a recumbent person is appointed to a different provincial mandate and is taking along with her family, sometimes even relatives.

Population

Historical statistics show that the Hanoi population grew rapidly in the second half of the 20th century. In the late 1954, the city had 53,000 inhabitants, over a 152 km². By 1961, the city was expanded to an area of up to 584 km², a population of 91,000 people. In 1978, the National Assembly decided to extend its second capital to its natural land area of 2,136 km², a population of 2.5 million people. By 1991, Hanoi's borders were still changed to 924 kilometers, but the population remained at more than 2 million people. During the 1990s, with the gradual urban expansion of Hanoi’s population growing steadily, at 2,675,166 in 1999. Following the last urban expansion in August 2008, the Hanoi city has 6.23 million its population and has its population in Hanoi. The seven capitals have the largest area in the world. According to the population census on April 1, 2009, the population of Hanoi is 6,451,909, the average population of 2010 was 6,561,900. As of December 31, 2015, the population of Hanoi was 7,558,956. By 2018, the population of Hanoi was 8,215,000, 55 percent of the population (4.5 million) living in urban areas, 3.7 million living in rural areas (45 percent).

The average population density in Hanoi is 2505 people per kilometer. The highest population density is in Dong Da district up to 35,341 people per kilometer, while in the periphery such as Soc Son, Ba Vì, My Duc, Qualified for less than 1,000 people per kilometer. In terms of population structure, in April 1, 1999, Hanoi and Ha Tay were mainly Kinh, accounting for 99.1 percent. Other peoples, such as Dao, Muong, Tay, represent 0.9%. In 2009, the Kinh accounted for 98.73 percent of the population, the Muong 0.75 percent and the Tay constitute 0.23 percent.

As of April 1, 2019, the entire city has nine different religions reaching 278,450 people, and the majority of Catholics having 192,958 people, followed by Buddhism to 80,679, Protestants with 4,226 people. Other religions such as Cao Dai are 410 people, Islam has 125, Baha'i and Islam have 25 people, and Hao Buddhists have 13 people, 8 people who follow the moral code, 4 are followers of the Buddhist and 2 are Buddhist temples in Vietnam.

Housing

Collective houses with popular tigers in Hanoi

While Hanoi is one of the most expensive cities in the world and real estate prices are not equal to those of the wealthiest countries, while they are in the capital of a low average per capita income. This has caused Hanoi people, particularly low-income class, to live in a narrow, uncomfortable condition. In 2003, 30 percent of the population of Hanoi lived less than 3 square meters per person. In downtown, the situation is much more tragic. The government cannot afford to support the people. Only about 30 percent of employees, employees, or employees are distributed to housing.

Due to cultural traditions and difficulties in accommodation, the phenomenon 3 or 4 generations have been living together in a very common house in Hanoi.

Every year, the city is building millions of square meters of houses, but its price remains too high for most people. Nearly 100 percent of the young families in Hanoi do not have a home, have to live together or rent a temporary house. At between 500 million and 1.5 billion VND per apartment, an average income-earner can only be bought after years of accumulation in finance. In addition to a growing new condo, there are still parts of the population that have to live in very old conditions. In the Red River areas and the city center cowries, hundreds of families lived in houses built with bamboo roofs for years, without electricity, without schools and without medical care.

The issue of public land also caused public opinion to be discouraged, as in 2006, the media raised the issue of "3,000 billion dong in damages due to the decision to approve the land price of the Hanoi People's Committee".

Health

Vinmec Hospital

According to 2011 the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, in 2010 the city of Hanoi had 650 health clinics directly under the provincial health department, including 40 hospitals, 29 regional clinics and 575 health stations. The number of beds under the Ha Noi Department of Health is 11,536 beds, accounting for about one-twentieth part of the national hospital beds; the average in Hanoi is 569 people per bed compared to 310 people per bed in Ho Chi Minh City. This leads to a more frequent occurrence of two to three patients who are on treatment who are regular patients. According to statistics in 2010, Hanoi has 2,974 doctors, 2,584 doctors and 3,970 nurses.

Due to the mixed development, the big hospitals in Hanoi, which are also in the North, are concentrated in the inner city. The hospitals in Viet Duc, Bach Mai, the National Children's Hospital and Hanoi Women's Hospital are both in a state of overload. Along with the health system in the state, Hanoi has a hospital system, and the private clinic is growing. In 2007, the entire city had eight private hospitals with about 300 beds. According to the ongoing project, by 2010 Hanoi will have an additional 8 to 10 private hospitals. Then, the total number of private beds will reach about 2,500 beds.

Like Ho Chi Minh City, the health care conditions between Hanoi and the suburban districts and the suburban districts have great differences. After the expansion of administrative boundaries in 2008, this gap has increased, as reflected in basic health outcomes. If in former Ha Noi, the proportion of children with malnutrition is 9.7 percent, in Ha Tay, the number is 17 percent. Similarly, the average life expectancy in Hanoi was quite high, 79 years old, but after the expansion, the figure fell to 75.6 years. In many areas of the suburbs, people still have to live in poor hygienic conditions, lack of clean water for their living, and use pond water and well water.

Education

Hanoi Medical University, one of Vietnam's first universities

For centuries, the capital position helped Thang Long-Hanoi become the center of education in Vietnam. From the middle of the 19th century to the end of the 19th century, Hanoi was always one of the main places to organize examinations in the panel, to select talented people to add to the machinery system. However, in terms of the number of natural conditions, Hanoi is lower than other traditional lands, such as Bac Ninh, Hai Duong and Nam Dinh. In the French era, in position to be the capital of the Indochina Federation. A period of Hanoi examinations were entered in with Nam Dinh school called the Ha Nam Dinh School in Nam Dinh (1884 to 1915). Hanoi is an educational center for the region, where the French placed vocational schools and higher education, including the Indochina University, the Dong Duong Medical School, the Hanoi School of Technology is the school at which later became the foundation of higher education in Vietnam.

Hanoi-Amsterdam High School

Hanoi is still the largest educational center in Vietnam today. In 2009, Hanoi had 677 primary schools, 581 lower secondary schools and 186 high school schools with 27,552 classrooms, 982,579 students. The system of high school, Hanoi, has 40 public schools, some of which have the quality of traditional teaching and traditions, such as Ha Noi-Amsterdam High School, Nguyen Hue High School, Chu Van An High School, Tran Phu. In addition to public schools, the city has 65 individual schools and 5 public schools. Hanoi is also the site of three special high schools, under the umbrella of universities, the Hanoi School of Foreign Language Affairs, the Hanoi National University, the Hanoi School of Nature Sciences at the University of Natural Science, Hanoi University, and the Hanoi School of Public Studies and the Hanoi School of Public Studies in Hanoi. These specialized secondary schools are the focus of many high school students not only in Hanoi but also in Vietnam. Along with the well-known high schools, the city education system maintains formal schools and literacy eradication classes. After Ha Tay was merged into the city, Hanoi stands first in number of illiterate people. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education and Training in Vietnam in 2008, the entire city has nearly 235,000 illiterate people, out of 1.7 million people in the whole country.

As one of the two largest university education centers in the country, in Hanoi, there are over 50 universities with many colleges, creating most important professions. In 2007, 606,207 students in the city, Ha Tay also concentrated 29,435 students. Many universities here, including the Hanoi National University, Hanoi University of Medicine, Hanoi University of Technology, People's Security Academy, Civil Engineering Academy, National Economics University, Hanoi University of Pedagogy, Hanoi University of Agriculture, are the top-level training schools for Vietnam.

However, university education has to face many weaknesses. The traditional practitioner, the style of teacher and the cultural spirit of the schools established in the old days was cut into houses, restaurants, banks — the University of Encyclopedia is cut by the street, and even creates a whole ward as the Hai Ba Trung District School district. The old-fashioned person of the Indochina University was squeezed into the 23 Le Thanh Tong restaurant to serve drinks. Old and new dormitories are often conditioned to prevent students from living, such as for residing households, opening restaurants, etc. so students can find a quiet place to study from which to convert their use of dormitories. The pragmatism is also known that the schools have to move somewhere openly and learn, leaving the "yellow" to the earliest-earthy activities.

Hanoi Railway Station

Hanoi metropolitan railway

The city of the capital and its position is located in the central region of the north, along with the Red River, and has a relatively convenient transportation from Hanoi to other provinces of Vietnam, including air, roads, waterways, and railways. In the air-to-air traffic, outside Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport, about 35 kilometers from the center, the city has a Gia Lam airport in the east, located in Long Bien district, once the main airport in Hanoi in the 1970s, and Gia Lam Lam airport serves only helicopters, including tourist services. In addition, the Bach Xuan District Bach Mai airport was built in Thanh Xuan district in 1919 and played a role as a military airport. In addition, Hanoi has a Hoa Lac F.C. airport in Thach 7 district, mire Mon military airports in Chuong My district. Hanoi is the hub of transport in five local railways and a joint line to Beijing, China, multi-country in Europe, an international line to Kunming, China. South-Side bus stations, Ga Lam, Dam, Bat Bai, Yen Nghia, My Dinh were among all provincial bus carriers traveling all over the country along Route 1A Trans North-South and turning National Highway 21 to South Dinh, National Highway 2 to Ha Giang, Highway 3 to Bac Kan, Cao Bang, Thai Nguyen; National Highway 5 to Hai Phong, National Highway 17, Quang Ninh, National Highway 6 and National Highway 32 to go to the Northwest.

T2 station, Noi Bai International Airport

Japanese Tan Bridge

In addition, Hanoi has many high-speed highways in the area such as Thang Long Avenue, Yunnan, and Hanoi-Lạng Highway, Hanoi - Lang Son, Hanoi - Hai Phong, Hanoi - Lao Cai, Ha Noi - Thai Nguyen, Hanoi - Hoa Binh in the process of construction. In terms of water transport, Hanoi was also a major contributor to Pho Black to Hung Yen, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Viet Tri, and Ham Kao station going to Pha Lai. In the country, Hanoi’s streets were often low because urban infrastructure was too large, the number of means of transport access were too large - especially the motorcycles, and the poor knowledge from the cities. In addition, there is no serious risk in dealing with traffic violations by the traffic police, state management and traffic organization has many problems, always changing discretion. Professor Seymour Papert - computer scientist from Massachusetts Institute of Technology accidents in Hanoi at the end of 2006 - describes the city's traffic as an example of a hypothesis of "unavoidable behavior", a way that crowds, according to simple rules and without leadership, create complex systems and movement. On the streets of Hanoi, sidewalks are often occupied and people walk down the road. In recent years, Hanoi has only developed an additional 5 to 10 kilometers of roads per year. Many of the city’s roads are unscientific, unsynchronized and traffic light systems in a number of areas are also inadequate. In addition, flooding occurs every time a heavy rain makes it difficult for traffic participants. In the 2000s, the bus system - the only form of public transportation - of the city has developed strongly, but the majority of people use personal vehicles, mainly motorcycles.

According to Hanoi’s transport plan approved by Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung in 2008, the cost of road development is VND100,000 billion. Three ring lines, 30 primary axis lines, along many lines, will be rebuilt or reconstructed. The Ho Chi Minh City’s transport minister predicted that by 2015 the Hanoi city would run out of traffic jams. By the end of 2011, Hanoi had 7,365 kilometers of roads, of which 20 percent were primary carriers, 7 central axles, and 3 ring lines, as well as managing over 4.3 million vehicles of traffic, and motorcycles alone accounted for nearly 4 million. In the first 11 months of 2011, in Hanoi, there were 533 road traffic accidents, rail lines killing 531 people and 144 were injured.

Long history and rich culture have helped Hanoi to have a diverse and marked life. But after a period of under-planned development, the city is now flooded with houses on stifling streets, religious buildings deep in residential areas, buildings in the old streets, electrical posts or lines. But lack of public space. In 2010, Hanoi established a Common Plan for Construction of the Capital of Hanoi by 2030 with a vision to 2050 for a city of 9.1 million people by 2030 and over 10 million people by 2050. In terms of architecture, it can be divided into four Hanoi by today. area: old neighborhood, old city, French neighborhood and new planting areas.

Old block

An ancient street corner of Hanoi

Hanoi’s historic center, the city’s adjacent city, is still the most crowded area. The ancient city space may be considered a triangle with the top of Hang Than street, the east side is the Red River dikes, the west side is Hang God, Hang Dieu, Da Nang, and the bottom is the Hang Bong-Hang Gau-Hang Gau axis. Over the years, residents living in handicrafts, trade in small commerce have formed specialized street streets carrying such as Silver Row, Portugal, Line Row after Line, Bin etc.

All the houses on both sides of the streets of the old neighborhood are typical of houses, bearing features: the narrow width, the depth, sometimes passes to the other street. Within these houses there are nearly equally sized: the outer space is the place of sale or a shop, followed by the open courtyard for the light, on the grounds of a decorative pond, around the yard a scaffolding, a new incubator is the living space and continues to be the auxiliary. In recent years, the high population density has left Hanoi's streets in a serious way. Part of the population has to live in a condition of lack of facilities, even ill-advised, dangerous. Some special cases are recorded as three people living in a area of 1.5 meters per square meter or four living in a room of 10 sq but on top of a public toilet. Within 36 precincts of the conservation project, there are currently only a few valuable ancient houses, the rest have been rebuilt or whatever they want.

Ancient city

Duanmen, Thăng Long

One-Column Pagoda

The ancient city, the emperor of Thang Long, lies between the West Lake and Hoan Kiem lake, alongside the capital city of Thang Long. Through many destructions, reconstruction and continued to be destroyed, the city of Thang Long is now left with only a few tracks. On Phan Dinh Phung street at present, the north gate was built of stone and very strong bricks. The Hanoi flag, established in 1812, is currently on Dien Bien Phu road. The 40 meter high consists of three broad wooden platforms and a cylindrical polygon tower, within which a spiral staircase leads up to the monument. The southwestern city was left with a diverse group of remains known as the Van Miao-Quoc Tu Giam, built in the early part of the XI century. These include two major sites, Van Miao, where Confucius, the sages of Confucianism and Chu Van An - and Quoc Tu Giam - Viet Nam's first high-school high-school National University - the work is not only a tourist destination but also a place where many cultural activities are held.

On July 31, 2010, at the 34th session in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, UNESCO World Heritage Committee recognized the Royal Center of Thang Long - Ha Noi as a World Culture Heritage Site based on three criteria: The length of cultural history and the continuity of assets as a center of power, and the abundance of the relics are rich.

The morning of October 1, 2010, at the opening of the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long-Hanoi, General Director UNESCO Irina Bokova awarded a World Culture Degree in the Hoang Long Central City to leaders of Hanoi.

Neighborhoods in France

Hanoi Great Church

In 1883, the French began to plan to rebuild the city. Based on the Hanoi streets inherent, French architects mapped new roads, built the projects according to adaptation to their own environment, creating a modern style called colonial architecture. The urban areas that the French have planned and built include three regions: concession, old city, and south Hoan Kiem lake, today common name is old neighborhood, or French neighborhood.

The rectangular concession area is limited by the streets of Bach Dang, Trang Tien, Le Thanh Tong, Tran Nhan Tong and Nguyen Huy Hien. It was the old Hanoi naval base, and in 1875 the area was assigned to the French army to build barracks, villas and hospitals. Buildings and structures here have a black stony roof, surrounding corridors, bow houses. The General Staff of the French Army's Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Ministry of National Defense, established between 1874 and 1877. The Lanessan Hospital, currently Military Hospital 108 and the Huu Nghi, dedication of the former cities, including Phan Dinh Phung, Hung Vuong, Van Dien, and Luong Phu Phong, Van An, Chen Phu. The roads here are large, long and are planted with many green trees. The villas carry architecture in the north of France with their ornamental and diligent pages. A typical and important structure for the former city is the Governor's General Office, now the Chaplain's Phu, built between 1900 and 1902. The Hoan Kiem area is a rectangular figure with the long lines of Trang Tien and Tran Hung Dao street, both sides are Phan Boi Chau Giang and Phan Chu Trinh street. The area was built in conjunction with the old city but the planning process was slower because it had to release many villages. An important project in the city is the Grand Theater at the top of Trang Tien Street, built from 1902 to 1911, according to Paris Opéra Garnier.

French architecture is often considered a legacy in Hanoi, but is undergoing a lot of changes today. High-rise buildings and French-style houses make old streets difficult to identify. In addition, many of the parcels were merged to build buildings that caused the landscape to break down. The low hedge along the streets, the typical colors - yellow walls and blue wood doors - were also changed and covered by advertisement signs. The Hanoi Department of Architecture Administration with assistance from the Île-de-France region is currently carrying out its conservation and development project.

Modern architecture

In the 1960s and 1970s, a series of these joint-assembly residences appeared in the Central Highlands, the center of the Liberation, Giang Vo, Success, Thanh Xuan North, etc. Because of the use of the basic concrete components of a manual process, with the first four-story blocks of the central region and then the next five. In the area of Kim Lien, he built Chinese-style canned houses. these buildings are now in a state of severe deterioration. Not only that, due to the lack of living space, residents of installed residences have also built more iron cages outside around the apartments - often called tigers - causing the loss of urbanism. Now these collective houses are being gradually replaced by new condominiums.

Times City apartment complex between Hai Ba Trung and Hoang Mai District

In the late 1990s and the 2000s, many of the main roads in Hanoi, such as the Liberation, Nguyen Van Cuong, Lü, Ngoc Khanh, Thai Ha, " were expanded. Hotels and office buildings are growing, new urban areas such as the new South Thang Long Urban area, Bac Thang Long, Tourism in West, Dinh Cong, Bắc Linh Tan, etc. It's coming up. Recently, the My Dinh area was urbanized quickly with a series of high-rise houses. However, these new urban areas face problems, such as unsound work, a lack of synchronous planning, a lack of public space. In the 2008 end-record rain, My Dinh was one of the areas suffered heavy losses from floodwater.

Along with the development project, urbanization of the Hanoi area expanded and new streets were named: In 2010, 43 and 2012 were 34 new streets and streets. The period between 2010 and 2012 witnessed the explosion of investment projects in urban areas, buildings, and condominium and high-level residential areas, and the trading center at a price far higher than the cost of being relatively good. As of mid-2017, Hanoi's fire and fire police had recorded 994 high-rise buildings.

Highlights of buildings

Trấn Quốc Pagoda

Before becoming a political center - in the V-century with the pre-Ly and Hanoi Dynasty was the center of Buddhism with famous medalists. According to the style of beer, the Korean temple was built on the Yen Hoa beach in the Red River, to 1615 because of landslides, which had recently moved to the site. In the XI century, with the presence of the city of Thang Long, when Buddhism became a state teacher, Buddhist temples, monks, and academics and new professors are really strong. For centuries, Hanoi continued to build temples, some of which still exist today. It can include pagodas such as the first built column of 1049, the Shrine pagoda from the 10th century, the Embassy and Kim Lien pagoda, which emerged in the XVII century. However, most of the temples in the city today were rebuilt in the 19th century. The dynasties of Ly, Tran, and Le Dynasties leave very little traces.

Office of the President

In the outskirts of Hanoi there are also many famous pagodas. The Huong Son community, the My Duc district, a religious and cultural community consisting of dozens of Buddhist temples, temple temples, and families that worship agricultural beliefs... are often referred to as the Pagoda Huong. For a long time, this relic has become an important tourist site, particularly with the Huong Pagoda festival held every spring. About 20 km south-west of Hanoi's center, the Master’s Temple is located in the area of Saigon Son Commune, Quoc Oai. The pagoda, usually attached to the name of the Zen Buddhist monk, is a legacy of architecture, culture, and valuable history. Like Axiang, the Teacher's Festival is held in spring, early March every year.

Along with the pagodas, Hanoi has many temples in the Taoist temple, Dao Khanh Dong, or protective gods such as Thang Long Town, Van Miao-Quoc Tu Meng, Do Ngoc Son, etc. In the old neighborhood there are still a lot of houses that are retreated and shown great sincerity. Christianity followed the Europeans into Vietnam, helping Hanoi get the Great Church, the North Door Church, Hàm Long Church, etc. There is also the Mosque of Jamia Al Noor in 12 Hang Luu, the Royal College of Cardinals. Religious buildings today are an important part of the city's architecture, but not much of it is now in densely populated, confined areas.

President of Ho Chi Minh

Vietnam National Conference Center

The Colonial period left Hanoi a great deal of architecture, which still plays an important role in energy, such as the Grand Theater, the Presidency's palace, the State Department, the History Museum, the Sofitel Metropole Hotel, etc. Some of the work has been abandoned for new construction - such as the town hall, replaced by the headquarters of the city's People's Committee - or repaired but not kept the old architecture - like the Gut. In the coming period, Hanoi had new projects as well. Ho Chi Minh, Museum of Ho Chi Minh, Ba Dinh Commune, highlights this period.

In the last two decades, along with economic growth, many buildings and hotels such as Daewoo, Sofitel Plaza, Melia, the Tower of Hanoi, etc. It brings up the city a modern look. Hanoi has also witnessed the advent of important works such as the National Conference Center, the My Dinh Stadium, the Hanoi National Stadium, the Hanoi Museum of the 1,000 Years of Thang Long - Hanoi, many of which are now built, including the Hanoi Landmark Tower Tower, Lotte Center in Hanoi, the Hanoi Museum and the National Assembly.

Hanoi is often the top ranking of polluted cities, even for several days in the year the world’s most polluted air-polluted city, with the index of fine-grained particulates dangerous to human health. According to the global air quality report 2018, Hanoi has a 4-fold high level of smog (40.8 mg/m3, the recommended level: 10 mg/m3). According to Vietnam’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment reports, Hanoi is the largest city polluting air with the number of days when air quality is poor, bad and dangerous to a high percentage. In addition, rivers flowing through Hanoi (Nhue River, Suzhou River, Kim Nguu River, Red River, and Song Be) are heavily polluted because 78 percent of Ha Noi's sewage directly flow to the river and to a lake without being processed (each Ha Noi river receives billions of cubic meters (m3) of water on a day.

Sofitel Metropole 5-star hotel located on Ngo Quyen street, city center

Compared to other provinces and cities in Vietnam, Hanoi is a potential city for tourism development. In the inner city, along with the architectural work, Hanoi still owns a first-order diverse museums in Vietnam. The city also has many advantages in introducing Vietnamese culture to foreign visitors through folk theater, traditional professional villages, etc. Hanoi Tourism is becoming increasingly attractive to tourists. In 2007, Hanoi received 1.1 million foreign tourists. In 2008, of the nine million visitors of the city, there were 1.3 million foreign visitors.

The proportion of tourists visiting Hanoi museums is also not high. One of the most visited museums is the National Museum of Nationalities. Every year, the National Museum of Ethnic Minorities, the destination is favorite in the guidebooks, with 180,000 visitors visiting, of which half are foreigners.

According to 2007 statistics, Hanoi had 511 residential establishments with more than 12,700 active rooms. Of these, only 178 are classified with 8,424 rooms. The lack of high-quality room is one of the reasons why foreign visitors to Hanoi are not high. At a high price of $126.26 per night for the 5-star hotel room, the rent per night for 3-5 stars in Hanoi is currently 80% to 90%. In addition to the 11 Star hotel, Daewoo, Hilton Hanoi Opera, Melia, Nikko, Sofitel Metropole, Sheraton, Sofitel Plaza, and the InterContinental, Crown riot Plaza, Markets, the city has six four stars and 19 3 star hotels.

There are still a lot of bad and negative tourism in Hanoi. Lonely Planet warned of the arrival of foreign visitors by taxi and bus swindled to several fake and high-demand hotels; around Hoan Kiem lake area male tourists may be invited to grow into karaoke bars where bills for certain drinks can cost $100 or more.

Sport

My Dinh National Stadium, from 2003, is the home court of the Vietnam National team

As the capital, Hanoi is a place where many of the big sports clubs and important sports places in Vietnam are concentrated. The city now has a men's football club: Hanoi FC Hanoi joins V.League 1 and two women's football clubs: Hanoi Women's Football Club I and Hanoi Women's Football Club II. In addition, in the past, Hanoi used to have strong teams such as the Public, Hanoi Police, the General Department of Railways (established in 1956), the Post Office (established in 1957), the Air Force Division, Ha Noi, the Military Region, Hanoi Construction worker. Hanoi sportspeople always play an important role in the Vietnamese sports team in international competitions. From 2001 to 2003, the city's athletes have achieved a total of 3,414 medals, including: 54 world medals, 95 Asian medals, 647 southeast Asian and international medalists, along with 2,591 medalists at national competitions.

Vietnam Sports Hospital - Lead Sports Medical Agency in Nam Tu Liem District

Hanoi led Vietnam in terms of a 28.5 percent average sport-intensive population. But the population is so crowded, the urban space is scarce that the sports venues are scarce and do not meet the needs of the people. Most universities and colleges in Hanoi are in a lack of playground. Some schools have a large area, but they use part to construct tennis courts with their uses not high. The city's students often play in small areas of the field.

The Hang Dan Stadium, prior to 2003, was the home court of the Viet Nam National team.

After many years of using the Hang Dan Stadium, built in 1958, located in the center of the city as the main competitor, since 2003, Hanoi has added the My Dinh Stadium to the south of the city, containing 40,192 seats.

The My Dinh National Stadium, located in the National Sports League, was the main site of the 2003 Southeast Asian Games where the opening ceremony, the closing ceremony, the men's soccer matches & the sports in Athletics. At the 2008 Southeast Asian Football Championship, in front of forty thousand audiences, the My Dinh was a place where Vietnam's national team entered the highest seats of Southeast Asia football. Some of the other major sports centers in the city could be described as the National Asian Arena, the National Sports Training Center I. Over 20 points on the floor, different gym.

On November 8, 2012, Hanoi was given the authority of the Asian Games to host ASIAD 18, but by April 17, 2014, Vietnam had withdrawn its authority to host the award as a result of financial costs.

Places of culture and entertainment

Hanoi Opera House

According to the number in the middle of 2008, the entire city of Hanoi had 17 theaters, of which 12 were part of the two Hoan Kiem districts and Two Ba Trung street. The Grand Theater of the city, located at the number one city of Trang Tien, Hoan Kiem district built and completed in 1911. Today, this is a place where classical artistic forms such as opera, voice music and drama are central to meetings as well. Located in the streets of Tran Hung Dao, the Hanoi Friendship Culture and Education Section is also an important venue where cultural, artistic, fashion, and beauty contests are held. The same scientific activities, seminars, conferences and exhibitions.

B52 Museum of Victory

For stage play, the city has the Tuoi Tre Theater at 11 Ngo Thi Nguyen Hai Ba Trung district with 650 seats, Yellow Bell Theater at 72 Hang Bac Duc district, with 250 seats, Vietnamese Theater in a small street behind the Great Theater, with 170 seats. Viet Nam’s traditional arts disciplines also have their own stage. The Hong Ha Theater at 51 Thanh Street is for a rainbow. The Central Salvation Theater is located in Hong Mai District, Hai Ba Trung District. The art of rowing also featuring the Vietnam Cereal Theater in the Mai Dich Public Park, Tu Liem District, and from 2007 another performance in Kim Ma, Giang Van Minh. The Thang Long troublemaker in DDinh Tien Hoang street, Hoan Kiem lake, is often sought by tourists.[125]

Unification and Central Circus Park.

Hanoi is the city that has the most diverse museum system in Vietnam. A large part of them are historical museums, such as the Military History Museum, the Vietnam History Museum, the B52 Museum of Revolution, etc. Other areas can include the Vietnam Fine Arts Museum, the Vietnam National Museum of Ethnic Minorities, the Vietnam Women's Museum.

In total, Hanoi has more than 10 museums, compared to nearly 120 Vietnamese museums. In 2009, in Hanoi there were 32 libraries managed by the local authorities, and 565 thousand copies of books. Thus, the number of local libraries in Hanoi is now larger than Ho Chi Minh City - 26 libraries with 2,420,000 books - but only about one-fourth of them. In addition to the local library system, in Hanoi there are libraries in the university. The National Library, located at 31 Truong Thi Street, with 800,752 books, 8,677 titles, journals, may be considered the most important library in Vietnam.

CGV Theater

In more than 10 Ha Noi movie theaters, only a few are well-equipped and attract audiences, such as the CGV, Lotte Cinema, Platinum Cineplex, Galaxy Cinema, a Star Cineplex, or a national cinema. Other theaters such as Dang Dung and August they are more open to sightseeing. Fansland, the once-movie theater with classics, had to close in mid-2008 because there were no audiences. The bars and the dance fields are also the destination of a Hanoi youth section, notably the 1900 Le Theatre dance at the top 100 of the world's most famous dance studio in 2019 from DJ Mag. Many of the dancers were famous but only for a time and then closed for many reasons. The New Century City of Tràng Temple Street opened in 1999, once the top-notch game hub in Hanoi, was shut down in 2007 by involvement in prostitution and drugs. Before that, the Red Dark Nightclub at 78 Hang Bat also ended in a big fire in 1999.

Located in Tay Ho district, Ho Chi Minh City National Park is an attractive entertainment destination in Hanoi. The park has an area of 35,560 sq. ft., divided into five recreational areas equipped with high-speed slips, wave-bed tanks, massage parsages, etc. In the city there are also a few large parks, such as Reunification Park, Thu Le Thu Duc Park, Youth Park, and Yen Chu Park. Hanoi is still a city with many famous traditional craft villages. Bat Trang ceramics village, Lua Vamuc Village, Quadrant village, Bell village, Lacquer Thai Distinguished village... Not only to play economic roles but also to cultural places and travel.

A series of large commercial centers were set up as: Vinhomes Royal City, Time City, AEON Mall Long Bien, Aeon Mall Ha East, Big C Thang Long, Metro Hoang Mai, Metro From Liem, MeLinh Plaza.. It's a shopping malls of the people.

The Ho Chi Minh City-based pedestrian area was launched on September 1, 2016 with 16 lines.

Traditional handicraft Villages

Ceramics products from the village of Bat Trang tradition on the Ceramic Spot

The city of Hanoi used to have a rich village in the past and expressed a familiar proposition called "Hanoi 36 block streets". Over time, the urban face of the old neighborhood has made a lot of changes, but the streets here have kept their former names and many of them remain in the trade and in the business of old traditional commodities. After Ha Tay was merged into Hanoi, there were many more well-known handicraft villages in Hanoi. According to data from the end of 2008, there were 1,264 handicraft villages throughout Hanoi, where the centralized industrial villages in Vietnam is the most crowded.

In the center of the old neighborhood, Hang Bac used to be a place where people lived by casting down silver, gold, and cash. The goldsmiths of Hang Bac have a fine technique, originating in three villages made in gold and silver in northern Vietnam: the village of Chau Khe in Hai Duong province, Dinh Cong village in Hoang Mai district, and Dong Sam village in Thai Binh province. In the 19th century, Luu Xuan Xin, the chief minister of the Chau Khê village, was assigned by the Le Dynasty to establish a mineral workshop in the city of ǎ Long. Thus, the Europeans came to Hanoi and not only minerals, they did all the jewelry and silver. When the Nguyen dynasty made Hue a capital contribution, the silver-molded workshop also moved to the new city, but the Chau Khê people stayed in Thang Long and formed the Hang Bac street today. In colonial time, the Hang Bac street was also named Rue changeurs, meaning Bac City. The inhabitants here are not only making jewels, but they are also selling and exchanging coins and holding into minerals. Today, the silver gold business appears in many other cities, but the silver is still the most crowded place.

Bat Trang village in Gia Lam district, the south of the city, has long had ceramics in its own name. The village appeared in the XIVth century when potters from the village of Bat, Ninh Binh, and Ninh Tràng and Thanh Hoa gathered here to establish a new village called Bat Trang. The people in Bat Trang who had previously lived less in pottery and agriculture, were involved in the trade in mainly in dried fats and fish sauce. The pottery trade here only grew after 1954, when North Vietnam entered a peaceful period. Many models and all kinds of traditional fermentation were recovered by village artists, and Bat Trang ceramics products quickly earned good fame. Bat Trang is not only a purely productive village. With a lot of faith works, culture and ceramics, the village became a tourist site in Hanoi.

Mirror art - a traditional profession in the old Hanoi

Another handicraft village in Hanoi today is the silk village, Van Phuc, the city of Ha Dong province that was previously Ha Dong province. The silk product of the village was well known as the Ha Dong silk, once praised in music, poetry and film. On the other hand, their ancestors were in the Silk village, Van Phuc, originally from Hang Chau and China, following their conqueror and came to stay and transmit textiles to the village. In another legend, more than 1,200 years ago, a Cao Bang girl named La Thi Nong arrived as a bride and brought silk weaving to the village. Throughout time, silk has become the traditional profession of Wan Phuc. Today, most of the families here are still living in textiles. In addition to the traditional textile frames, many families use modern mechanical textiles. The streets of Hang Gai and Hang Dao of Hanoi are concentrated places selling silk products and textiles.

Traditional festivals

Travelers to the Perfume Pagoda

Thang Long, Ha Noi, is one of the three regions that are highly concentrated in the many festivals in northern Vietnam, along with the Phu Tho and Beijing ancestor. As with other regions, traditional festivals in the Hanoi area are celebrated most in the spring. Most of the festival memorizes historical and legendary characters such as Shenshan, Hai Ba Trung, Quang Trung, An Duong Vuong, etc. Some of the festival hold unique folk games such as the rice-festival in the village of the Prohibition, the festival runs dry and begin to pry Ho village, the Dan Thao village flag festival, the Ba Giang tradition kite festival.

Binh Duong at Binh Minh, Thanh Oai District, Ha Noi, National Non-Object Cultural Heritage Site

The Binh Duong Thai (first non-national cultural heritage in Hanoi) is celebrated annually in the village of Binh Da Nang, Binh Minh, Thanh Oai, deputy Hanoi, the ancient vice festival, one of the largest regional and national festivals. The festival lasted from February 24 to March 6, the third lunar calendar year, in combination with the memorial ceremony of Lac Long Quan, and the Royal Village of Linglang Daorang of the Great King, had a lot of work in building and protecting the country. With respect, for thousands of years, the people of Binh Da Nang have maintained a traditional festivals in unique forms of spiritual practice. The special and mystic release of hallowed cake, contains many historical and cultural values, attracting a great number of local and regional generations to attend the festival. This is a festival featuring Vietnamese cultural identity to review the memory of the first birth of the continent.

From 9 to 12 January of the Lunar calendar, Chaoqu festival is held in a village with the name of Tan Chao commune, Thanh Trì District, where the profession made sports cones and sewed all churches such as blankets, bruises, y, gladiolas, and gladiatorial. The festival was started by a long reception from the Great Family. When the family ceremony started, the pleasures were also held outside the court. One of the most popular amusement is the whore of whore. The flagship was performed by two young men in women's clothing, bouncing and beating the drum to the waist. Other amusements such as dancing and praying and wrestling and singing the Row of Tau will be held until the 12th and the festival ends in dissolution.

Mr. Tu Anh Van during the Tet festival

One of the biggest churches in the northern delta is the church of St. Giang or the village of Phu Dong village, Gia Lam commune, which is based on a legend about St. Giang, one of the immortals of the Vietnamese Folk. On the 9th of April the annual lunar calendar, people from all over the country gathered here to attend village festivals. The Christmas Village Festival is conducted on a 3 kilometer-long school pavilion including the Temple of Shanghai, the Mother and Kien pagoda. Beginning on the sixth day, the villagers proceeded to take the banquet to go to the Mother's temple to receive a vegetarian before the temple and the festival organized a war ceremony and reappeared to the Holy Ghost to destroy Grace. The days between 10 and 12 were resumed with the cartridge washing ceremony, taking the flag of victory with the heavens and finally the summons, until the night of the oar. In addition to the main festival in Phu Dong village, a number of other places are organizing the Ha Giang temple such as the Cuc Peak village in Xuan Dem district, Soc Son village in Soc Son District, Phu Gia Ninh village in Chi Nam Village, Le Chi Gia Lam District.

In the inner city, on 5 Tet Nguyen Dan, the Dong Da festival is held in Dong Da District, Dong Da district. The site was once a battle-ground between the Tay Son and the Qing Dynasty on the night of January 5, the 1789, the Dong Da Festival was held in a series of fun games, in which the young men in black school-style clothes trot sloped around the great court, and a swarm of martial arts restoration of ancient history.

In Huong Son Commune, My Duc district, the ceremony of the Perfume Pagoda slows tourists from between January through March and February 3rd, but the winter between January and February 18. With the view of the mountains, the water and the Perfume Pagoda, the festival is the destination of the mountains, Buddhists, and tourists. According to popular journeys, social visitors often begin at the Doi Moi district, sit on the Yan stream and visit the temple ceremony. Since then, tourists continue to pass the Association Bridge, the Friendly Shanshan cave, the Mountain of the Pass mountains, the Mount of the Elephant, the Mount Manh, and the Mountain of the Chicken ... Then dock into Tianzhu temple. From here, tourists began their journey to visit temples, temples Oan, temples of the Kien Vat temple and to pay attention to Huong Tian Xixi. This is one of the largest and longest festivals in Vietnam.

Cuisine

Some of Hanoi's tasty dishes

As a Cultural Center of the North for centuries, in Hanoi we can find and enjoy the dishes of many other regions, but the food in Hanoi is also unique. The Thickness of the village is characterized by the odor and color of the people of the village, along with the name of the Bridge. The brownure is made of gold that reapes as young as it is, wrapped in jade-colored lotus leaves and was sold by the vendors early in the morning. While the most popular food is fresh, this dish is also made into a cereal. This is also a gift used during the amusement.

Thanh Tri, another suburb of Thanh Trung, district of Hoang Mai, was made up of Thanh Tri. Cake is made of rice with wings, eight fragments, and is spread as thin as paper. The women in the Thanh Tri area put their pies in, put them on their heads and went and peeled through the streets of Hanoi. The wheels in the panels, each layer of pillow on bananas. When they eat, the cake is peeled apart and then rolled up and displayed on the plates. The Thanh Tri rolls, which are eaten together with the special brewed fish sauce of the old Thanh Trans, have been refined from the corn-fed and its distinctive flavor, the fried tofu and the cinnamon. Today, the cake is also eaten with meat and only crisp.

A bowl of cooked beef with a swipe.

Another famous food in Hanoi is Lu Vong. In the French era, the family of the Hang Son street, today was 14 Hang Bat street, creating a dish whose reputation changed the street's name. It is not made of mausoleum - or fruits and fish, but it will be less tasty - mummy with irrigation, apricot water, pepper, and fish sauce and grilled in a bamboo bag on a stove at the dining table. It's got to be hot, and it's got to be hot, and it's got pancakes or candies, and herbs, and it's nibals, and onions, and little baby fish sauce and shrimp paste.

Pho is very popular food in Vietnam, but the Hanoi section has unique ways of processing. In Hanoi they carry the sweet taste of beef, the meat is just right mature enough to remain flexible and they are not tough, the color of the inner fluids, and the flapjacks is thin and soft. After being topped through hot water, the fleshbread was evenly spread in a bowl, and above were slices of fair meat and onion and fragrance. Over time, many new dishes appear in different ways, like slamming, donuts, roll-on.

The village of Le Honey is famous for its processed food from the snake. The snake-bone soaked wine is served free.

In Hanoi there are also many other special foods such as rolls, noodles, noodles, bamboo shoots, noodles, bamboo shoots, () rice growing, dream peas, shrimp Ho Tay, rice husks, rice crackers, Phu Nhi street pie, Phu Nhi street, Ba An Giang, An Dong Enem, An Tung, younger, Ba Phuong, em Dam, Ba Phuoc Cuong, spring rolls.

Behavior culture

Public holidays in a village in Hanoi

Hanoi is often seen as a place of concentration of the northern cultural traits and also Vietnam. For thousands of years, this city has become the convergence of elite characters, traders, craftsmen and craftsmen. They came here to start their own business, bringing with them the customs, local practices and the province of Hanoi as the typical land for Vietnamese culture. The Vietnamese people and the characters come mostly from other lands, but the city of Thang Long is often the place where they build their careers. The competitive environment of the city so that traders and craftsmen who stand in Hanoi must be brilliant, talented people. As the quartermen returned to settle in Thang Long, the customs and customs that they carried with them were also changed, creating the cultural traits of Hanoi.

Thang Long - Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is still the intersection of big cultures. More than a thousand years of Northern Vietnam has left Hanoi's land much less of the mark of Chinese civilization. When the French came to Vietnam, many of them viewed Hanoi as a province of China, or as a transitional area between India and China. Through the French, Hanoi - the center of the country's culture - knew the Western civilization in order to build the first bases of modern Vietnamese art with new music, poetry, new poetry, paintings, modern literature, film and photography. But Hanoi, the beginning of the 20th century, was also a place where French values dominated, windows opened up the new world of the Vietnamese high-class. As the word of the historian of Southeast Asia Pierre Richard Féray: "As soon as a Vietnamese gets rich and lives in the city, he begins to be French. He tried to speak French. He eats, lives, and breathes French. In recent decades, Hanoi and Viet Nam received cultural waves from Europe and the U.S.

While the capital is the capital, the center of Vietnamese culture, a number of cultural events held in Hanoi recently happened to be particularly notable and often disappointing from the Ha Noi Aha blossom Festival which occurs in the middle of the capital in 2008, or acts of lack of awareness and shame in the Hanoi New Year 200002 Summer Olympics Nine organizations at Hoan Kiem lake. The Bangkok official said: "I felt sad and ashamed. Hanoi people make a mess of it. Many years of flower festivals in Da Lat, in Ho Chi Minh City, without being a fence, were held until the last day." The above-mentioned cases raise a strong slate of protest from the national public opinion on the mass media, asking a big question about the "Tràng An culture" in today's time. There are many comments regarding the disparity and elegance of the Hanoi person who is dying, rather than the most uncultured behavior in Hanoi young people. Hanoi has "scolding, porridge" as it is becoming popular and is being criticized and criticized but the inculturally-serving restaurants, crude and often insult the many who are attracted to. After Hanoi's "custard" event on CNN, in September 2016, Hanoi officials "declared war on profanity and abuse."

A lotus salesman on the streets of Hanoi

Music

Hanoi is an inspiration for many musicians' compositions. There have been thousands of songs about Hanoi in many topics. First of all, it was a picture of a Hanoi with a powerful and powerful spirit in the capital position in the struggle for national defense. During these years, Van Cao wrote to Hanoi for a number of journeys such as Thang Long to sing songs, Dong Da District, Tien to Hanoi. When the soldiers of the Thu Duc Regiment had to leave Hanoi, one of them was Nguyen Dinh Thi wrote a song, "The Ha Noi Man", today becoming familiar. The Hanoi image of the war with the French colonialists was also the subject of works such as: "To return to the capital" by Huy Du, Nguyen Thanh's "Emotion of October," "Three Sunny Tries" of Bui Cong. In the May years against the U.S., the heroic capital of war and design was cut sharply in works such as Vu Thanh's "Hanoi-Dien Bien Phu," Pham Tuyen, "When the city lights up" by Thai Co, "The voice of Hanoi" by Van An etc. In addition, Hanoi appeared in an ancient, arrogant and romantic manner, with "expensive lights" and "looming moon shadow on the lake", with the picture of the girl "swarms of rag on whose shoulders," said "White dress Wang Zhu, Tay Son, school "in many nostalgic music such as the Ha Noi of Hoang Duong's Quang Tri village. On the old day of Song Ngoc's Day or to send his Southern sister to the standard delegation. The beauty of nature, the landscape, the human, the history and unique elegance of Hanoi, was exchanged dramatically through the song of many Vietnamese musicians of different generations, like the Nguyen Hiep Van Ha of Ha Noi and "Remember Ha Noi the confidence and hope", Hoang Van Van Van and "Love Ha Noi" and "The Green Sky" and Ha Noi. with "Ha Noi Roses heart", Tran Hoan, happy song from Hanoi, Trinh Cong Son with "Remember Ha Noi Fall", Nguyen Cuong with "Still My childhood in Hanoi", Duong Thuy with "Ha Noi", Phu Quang with "Em, Ha Noi, Ha Noi and "Ha Noi on the return", "Ha Noi Day" Ha Noi on the night of the Hanoi, Pham Minh Ha Noi with the Hanoi singing "Ha Noi in Hanoi. me", Nguyen Tien with "Ha Noi rainy afternoon", Tran Quang Loc with "The Ha Noi Autumn Brothers", Truong Quy Hai with "The Flood and the Rain", Le Vinh with "Hanoi and I", Vu Quang Trung with "Ha Noi afternoon" and so on. A number of Hanoi's sites also went on to become a topic of creating music on the basis of "A Free West Lake" by Pho Duc Phuong, Chen Tien's "Sacred Heart Lake", and Dang An Nguyen, "The Sword Lake Legend" of Hoang Phuc Thang, "Ben Ho" from Huyen, etc. There are a number of works that do not mention Hanoi’s Hanoi’s title or in a shift but are inspired or written about the land itself as: Phan Huynh Thuan's "Night Stars", "From a crossroads" by Pham Tuyen, Ngoc Khue's "Spring Village of Flowers", Hong Khanh Hoa's "Temptation", "Poor street", Tran Tien street corners," A Hanoi full of flowers painted by a Christmas artist in "Hanoi in the flower season," and a very unique beauty in the capital Hanoi.

Literature

Hoa Dao Nhat Tan

In Vietnamese literature, Hanoi emerged as a city with a long history, rich traditions and cultural identity. In feudal times, Thanh Long was the subject of many poems such as Long, the subject of Nguyen Du or Thang Long's legendary festivals in Thanh Quan. Three writers were often mentioned when they talked about the subject Hanoi in literature Nguyen Xun, Vu Bang, and Thach Lam. Nguyen Xun, who is born and raised in the grape environment, is dissatisfied by the life of the "golden gas" and is used to seek out old values. The Hanoi character in Nguyen Xun's work is the animals played by the players who were left in the shadows at times such as tea rewards, poetry breaks, poems, singing songs etc. Vu Bang, through pages of writing, such as the goodwill of Hanoi and Love of Twelve, demonstrates the memory and love of Hanoi, praises the refinement of food, natural landscapes, landscapes, people, and culture of the city. Thach Lam is known through the Hanoi journal 36 precincts. The work of Thach Lam shows mercy for the poor, depicting the taste of country gifts, tongues, etc., all the things that make up the culture in Hanoi. Many other writers also have works about this city such as Chu Lai's Street and live forever with the capital of Nguyen Huy Tuong. The Japanese protests in the Depression of war also spent a lot of pages on Hanoi.

Cinema

The Ha Noi image appears very much on both the large and the small screen. After liberation in 1954, many movies from revolutionary cinema were written about Hanoi, which could go to Gigood, August, Ha Noi Winter of 1946, Ha Noi Bai, Ha, Ha Noi Bac, Ngan, the North, the front line. The children of Hanoi, the work of the Hai Ninh director, illustrated the lives of Hanoi while the U.S. military bombed the gold Lotus from the Vietnam Film Festival 1975 and the special award from the Moscow Film Festival of LHP. the same year. After Viet Nam was united, several other films exploited the topic of young people living in Hanoi during the post-war period, such as the seventeenth, who had met, forgive Me, my lifestyle, MyMacHa Noi, the season of birds, Ha Noi. But since 1990, during a decade the film about Hanoi seems to be absent from the Vietnamese cinema. In 2000, overseas Vietnamese director Tran Anh Hung returned to Vietnam to produce a vertical Summer, a drama film, revolving around the lives of three sisters in the context of Hanoi. In preparation for the 1,000th anniversary of Thang Long-Hanoi, many Vietnamese filmmakers have produced several movies on this subject.

Painter's conference

In the painting, the artist Bui Xuan Phuoc is one of the most successful and closely connected to Hanoi. In the painting by Bui Xuan Phuai, Hanoi is packed with old looks and brown roofs and small streets. The paintings of Hanoi Hanoi Resistance to Bui Xuan Phuai today are commonly known as Phai Street. In addition, a number of other artists from Hanoi have gone into history as the Lover of the Most Favored woman of Su Yunnan, Tran Van Quan, Tan Van Nhan, invited her sister to go to a Nguyen Do Cung's good workman' meeting.

Hallelujah

The city's name is also used for many species:

• Hanoiensis
• Bellatheta hanoiensis (other names: Emmelostiba hanoiensis)
• Hanoiensis
• Anosia
• Camptothlipsis
• Yellow-bellied gnateater
• Hanoiian flycatcher
• Hanoiensis
• Northern caecilian
• Drusilla
• Emmelostiba hanoiensis: a beetle, found in Hanoi, in Viet Nam in 2001, by the Marigold.
• Floresorchestia
• Heterapoderus
• Hanoiensis
• Issatchenkia the mushroom found and published in October 2003.
• Miridiba hanoiensis
• Hanoiensis
• Hainskink
• Stenomastax
• Hanoiensis
• Tomato curl
• Hanoiensis

• Hanoi's name was still set up for 7816 Hanoi in 1987 with a diameter of nearly 3 km.

Throughout the length of the history of country construction and water retention, attached to the fate of the country and of the people, Thang Long-Hanoi, always have a special place of focus, the best values and traditions of the Vietnamese people. On the basis of that precious tradition, on 16 July 1999, Hanoi was awarded the title "City for Peace" by the United Nations Scientific, Culture and Education Organization. Since then, Hanoi has continued to strive to build a city of civilization and of civilization but its unique features. It is a recognition that appreciates the traditional historical values - cultural, achievements in reform, and the desire for the peace of the Vietnamese people.

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• Su Huai (2007). Old story in Hanoi. Hanoi: Writers' Association publisher. 
• Nguyen Vinh Phuc (2004). Hanoi over the years. Hanoi: Young Publishing House. 
• Clément, Pierre; Nathalie Lancret (2003). Hanoi is the cycle of architectural and urban changes. Science and Engineering Publishing House.  Caption using parameters |authors=deprecated (help)
• Nguyen Vinh Phuc (2004). Street and Hanoi Street. Hanoi: Transport Publishing House. 
• Logan, William Stewart. Hanoi: Biography of a City. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868404431. Access on November 9, 2010. 
• Papin, Philippe (2001). Histoire de Hanoi. Fayard. ISBN 2213606714. Access on November 9, 2010. 
• Boudarel, Georges; Nguyen Van Signing (2002). Hanoi: The City of the Rising Dragon. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 074251655. Access on November 9, 2010.  Caption using parameters |authors=deprecated (help)
• Boudarel, Georges; Nguyen Van Signing (1997). Hanoi 1936-1996: the drapeau rouge au billet vert. Autrement. ISBN 9782862607191. Access on November 9, 2010.  Caption using parameters |authors= objected (help).

• Hanoi media in Wikimedia Commons
•   Geographic data related to Hanoi at OpenStreetMap
• Hanoi at the Vietnamese Encyclopedia
• Hanoi at Encyclopdia Britannica (English)
• Official website  
• Hanoi on Facebook
• Hanoi on Citizendium of Larry Sanger
• Map of Hanoi in 1968 on Austin University of Texas Library (The University of Texas at Austin), USA.